'Environmental Management Essay\r'

'The human race mode is changing and the personal effects of spheric warm atomic number 18 existence witnessed in various part of the world. Available researches points kayoed homo activities as the major case for humour motley and spherical melt. join States is the world jumper cable emitter for global thaw contamination and its sacking gener in ally organismness from green houses and ardent of fossils. The country is straight musical mode on the forefront in taking the trance steps to contain the space and it go through light out with a course known as treetop trade curriculum.\r\nThe cap-trade weapons platform which is a commercialise based advent utilizes the market place forces to achieve milieual protection which atomic number 18 be effective by giving business organization both direct and supple incentive to light upon innovative way of pollution decline. The policy has been employ successively in several(prenominal) states and it is l ooking forward to be implemented at the national level. The world climate is changing and the express of global heating system is unequivocal. According to the report of IPPC tax deduction 2001 (Crowley, 2000), the ontogenesis in populace warmth is go out back in the years between 1900 and 1940 which afterward cooled down between 1941 and 1965.\r\nInformation collected from millions of thermometer in the world since 1860 shows an increase in the average arise air measurement. These data which is believed to be the most complete and useful in global climate description, shows 1998 as being the warmest year on record with 1990-2000 being the warmest decade. The global temperature has increase by approximately 0. 6 degrees since the start of 20th century with 0. 4 of this occurring during seventies (McIntosh & Roderick, 2006).\r\nAs result of alteration in the world ecosystem which consists of the atmosphere, ecosphere and social sphere harmful gunmanes occupy been put underd impacting negatively to our atmosphere. Scientists believe that the gases have led to global warming due to depletion of ozone level. They attribute military man activities resembling deforestation and fossil combustion to increase of hundred dioxide emission while organic wastes and fossil evoke mining increases the release of methane which is affect negatively on ozone layer (Hardoy et al, 2001).\r\nAlso Nitrogen fertilizers commonly utilize by farmers and release of refrigerant cfcs in factories increases normality oxide and chlorofluorohydrocarbons gases respectively to the atmosphere (Hardoy et al, 2001). Over the years this gas has accumulated in the atmosphere bring wayward effect ranging from acid rains, climate change and depletion of the layer (Burroughs, 2001). Ozone layer is made up of ozone o3 molecules which three atoms of oxygen. It is laid in the stratosphere portion of the atmosphere and it shields the harmful UV rays from the sun to reach the earth. \r\nOzone layer depletion is the major trend of global warming and its effect such as Elevated temperature and weather extremes. Melting of ice as witnessed in the Polar Regions and flooding of major cities are clear indications of temperature elevations (Crowley, 2000). As human being competes to unfreeze the precious resources around them they leave behind a serious environmental trauma which pauses danger non only to themselves but also to otherwise vivification things (Hardoy et al, 2001).\r\nThe environmental problems of the world today are more than greater compared to last century when the damage was smaller. It is predicted that the situation forget not reverse in nuzzle soon since the population is expanding and also the fact that human being have continued to stress for suppuration without conservation of the environment (Broecker, 1995) In 2007 the decorate consisting of the world leading scientist charged with the task of reviewing summarizing and validating th e current research concluded that the warming of the climate is clear.\r\nThe panel attributed ninety percent of warming in the 50 s to green houses which are human creation. separate scientific reports have documented the specific impacts of warming including the melting down of the artic ice cap, modify of the wildlife habitat, increased heat waves and wild fires. The United States of America is the global leading emitter of overall warming pollution. The emission is principally through green houses and also burning of fossils.\r\nTheir nevertheless not spared by the effects of the climate change as they experience glaciers, flooding of cities and intense storms in their backyard (Broecker, 1995) The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze climate change as one of the environmental issues and controvert the policy that united states have adopted in dealing with the issue. I wish to take the proactive side that indeed the climate change is being managed in the correct way in trim its effects in the present and in the future.\r\n definitive steps are being taken by various stakeholders in United States to contain the effects of climate change. In roll to achieve drop-off in large scale emissions as a necessary step to hatch climate change, in that respect is want to adopt effective policies that stresses on shifting in the way the world uses and produces energy. Policy makers are treating the issue of climate change as an urgent one and are deploying currently available resources to put down global warming pollution at all cost (Comiso, 2002)\r\nUnited States is now leading the way after years of inaction. The country now recognizes the need for effective environmental course for management of climate change which is perceived is a threat to environment and human beings in general. The climate policy which United States adopted is called cap-trade plan. The plan requires the native gas producers to bribe modifications for emissions fr om downstream gas consumers with less likelihood that the cost forget be passed to consumers.\r\nCap and trade program was designed in united states and also tried and proven by the Ameri basins as a program inwardly the clean air amendment of 1990. Its success as shown in the appendix 1, led to be crown the green success story by the economic expert magazine. The program which is a market based approach utilizes the market forces to achieve environmental protection which are cost effective by giving business both direct and flexible incentive to find innovative way of pollution reduction. The policy has been implemented successively in several states\r\nGroups of states especially in the east and west coast are overture together to set up market ordain for electric facilities to buy and sell credits to release carbon dioxide among other gases which lead to global warming (NYT, 2002). In Chicago an emission barter allowance program have been launched which uses electricity u tility in more than nine north eastern states. Hesperian states on their side have teamed up with Canadian provinces to unveil yet another ambitious trading system which encompasses both industries and utilities . the plan aim at trim greenhouse emissions by 15% within 12 years.\r\nAlso a program to have a carbon trading market aiming to be running by 2010 is underway in Wisconsin, Illinois and other Midwestern states. I am optimistic that this program allow go along way in reducing the emissions blamed for global warming and they will do so efficiently and less inexpensively than regulatory program. revolutionary York merchantile first auction of emission allowance opened a new first in America response to change in climate, although reducing carbon dioxide is predicted to increase electric place the cost will be lesser as compared to convectional regulation .\r\nto ensure protection of consumers. The program uses the cap and trade approach to realize proceeds that can be us ed to promote energy ability and conservation saving money for household (Houghton, 2004) electric discharge dealings began in 1990 and focused on reducing sulfur dioxide which causes the acid rain. The cap and trade program is preferred than the regulatory program since it is effective in cutting emissions quickly. In fact with the both McCain and Obama supporting the cap and trade program there is mettlesome likelihood of national trading program which will ascertain the whole country (Houghton, 2004).\r\nThe problem related to to this policy is that it will lead to fewer natural gas wells which may result to famine in production and over all reduction in supplies. High demand and low emerge entails that prices will go high in order to meet the new climate goals. An eventual increase in consumer spending is likely and the price will also drive gas dependent industries afield resulting to job losses (Hardoy, 2001) Conclusion The great scholars depend to agree that the wor ld climate is changing and the earth is warmer than it was a century ago.\r\nScientist attributes the global warming to human activities such as fossil burning and deforestation. An immediate step is required in the makeup of compulsory emission limits joined with a market based system that provide for a reduction in emission which is cost effective. Nevertheless to address the issue of climate change cannot succeed without affair of united sates. The starting point is a program that will enable United States to substantially and for good reduce their emission since they are the largest emitters of global warming pollution.There is need for quick enactment of energy policies which include more stern fuel efficiency regulations.\r\n reference point\r\nBroecker, W. C. (1995). The Glacial earth According to Wally. Eldigo Press, Columbia University, Palisades, New York Crowley, T. J. (2000). Origin of climate change over the past. UK: Cambridge University Press, Comiso, J. C. (2002) . A rapidly declining permanent sea ice cover in the Arctic. London: Routledge press. New York Times (NYT) (2002, November 9).\r\nâ€Å" irrigate and dying lobsters and warming waters”. Times, 143, pp. 30-32 McIntosh & Roderick (2006). Atmosphere, History, and Human Action. New York: Columbia University Press, Burroughs, W. J. (2001, November 9). â€Å"Climate change” The ledger for Comparative Change, New York Times, Vol. 36-118-134. Hardoy et al, (2001). Global warming: multidisciplinary climatic approach. London: Arnold press. Houghton, J. T. (2004, May 22). Global warming: the achieve Briefing, 89-456-458 U. K: Cambridge University Press.\r\n'